CEMENT PRODUCTION : FACTS AND FIGURES
Cement is produced through a multistep process that begins with the extraction of raw materials . The primary components are limestone , clay , and other mineral substances containing calcium , silicon , aluminium , and iron oxides .
These raw materials undergo thorough crushing and grinding before entering a rotating kiln . The kiln subjects the materials to extreme heat , typically reaching temperatures between 1400 ° C and 1500 ° C . This intense heat triggers a series of chemical reactions , transforming the raw materials into a substance known as clinker .
Once cooled , the clinker is ground into a fine powder and combined with a small proportion of gypsum . This mixture constitutes the final cement product , which can then be packaged and distributed for various construction applications .
The production of cement is energyintensive , relying heavily on fossil fuels to generate the immense heat required for the kiln . This dependency on nonrenewable resources contributes significantly to the industry ' s environmental footprint .
138 August 2024